Smoking For Health Hazards...!!!

Behavior Clean and Healthy Life, which became the basic needs of public health degrees, one of its aspects is "not a family member who smokes." While I am clean and healthy lifestyle should be mandatory and health cadres to socialize.

Every time inhaling cigarette smoke, whether intentionally or not, it means also smoked more than 4000 kinds of toxins! Therefore, smoking the same as the poisons to enter this into the oral cavity and lungs of course. Smoking may harm our health, the reality is we can not deny. Many diseases have proven to be bad due to smoke, either directly or indirectly. Smoking habit is not only detrimental to the smoker, but also for those around them.

Currently, the number of smokers, especially teenage smokers continues to grow, particularly in developing countries. This situation is a challenge for improving community health status. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that in the decade from 2020 to 2030 tobacco will kill 10 million people per year, 70% of them occur in developing countries.

Through resolution 1983, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set May 31 as World Tobacco Free Day every year.

Dangers of smoking to health body has been investigated and proven by many people. Adverse effects of smoking were already clearly known. Many studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of spread of various diseases. Such as heart disease and blood vessel disorders, lung cancer, oral cancer, larynx cancer, cancer osefagus, bronchitis, high blood pressure, impotence, and pregnancy disorders and defects in the fetus.

Recent research also shows the dangers of secondhand-smoke, that cigarette smoke inhaled by people for non-smokers around smokers, or commonly known as passive smokers.

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE

Cigarettes must not be separated from raw materials of manufacture, namely tobacco. In Indonesia, cloves and tobacco plus other ingredients are mixed to make clove cigarette. In addition to cigarette, tobacco can also be used as-rolled cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, cigarettes, pipes, and smokeless tobacco (Chewing tobacco or chewing tobacco).

Gas component of cigarette smoke is carbon monoxide, ammonia, acid hidrosianat, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde. Particle form of tar, indole, nicotine, karbarzol, and cresol. These substances are toxic, irritating, and cause cancer (carcinogens).

Nicotine

Substances most frequently discussed and researched people, the nerve poison the body, improve blood pressure, cause constriction of peripheral blood vessels, and cause addiction and dependence on the wearer. 4-6 mg of nicotine levels by an adult who smoked every day can make someone addicted. In the United States, white cigarettes on the market has a level of 80-10 mg of nicotine per stem, while in Indonesia, 17 mg nicotine-yield per stem.

Lead (Pb)

Lead generated by a cigarette as much as 0.5 ug. A pack of cigarettes (the contents of 20 sticks) which sucked up in one day will generate 10 ug. While the danger threshold of lead into the body is 20 ug per day. Can be imagined, when a heavy smoker inhale an average two packs of cigarettes per day, how many of these harmful substances into the body!

GAS carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon Monoxide has a strong tendency to bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells. Supposedly, this hemoglobin binds with oxygen vital to respiration of body cells, but because the CO gas is stronger than oxygen, the CO gas is taking place "on the side" of hemoglobin. Be, hemoglobin coupled with CO gas. CO gas concentration in the blood of nonsmokers is less than 1 percent, while in the blood of smokers to reach 4-15 percent. Many times over!

TAR

Tar is a collection of thousands of components of solid chemicals in cigarette smoke, and carcinogenic. At the time of cigarettes smoked, tar into the oral cavity as a dense vapor. After chilling, will become solid and form a brown sludge on the surface of teeth, respiratory tract, and lungs. Precipitation varies between 3-40 mg per cigarette, while the levels of tar in cigarettes range from 24-45 mg.

Lung IMPACT

Smoking can cause changes in the structure and function of airways and lung tissue. In large airways, mucous cells enlarged (hypertrophy) and increased mucus glands (hyperplasia). In small airways, there was mild inflammation caused by the increasing constriction of cells and mucus buildup. In lung tissue, an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and damage to the alveoli.

Due to changes in airway anatomy, the smoker will arise changes in lung function with all sorts of clinical symptoms. This became the main basis of the occurrence of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (PPOM). It says smoking is the cause of PPOM, including pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma.

The relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been investigated in the last 4-5 decades. There were strong links between smoking, particularly cigarettes, with the incidence of lung cancer. There is even expressly stated that the cigarettes as the main cause of lung cancer.

Cigarette smoke particles, such as benzopiren, dibenzopiren, and urethane, a carcinogen known as a material. Tar is also associated with risk of cancer. Compared with nonsmokers, the possibility arises of lung cancer in smokers reach 10-30 times more frequently.

IMPACT ON THE HEART

Many studies have proven the existence of the relationship of smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD). Of the 11 million deaths per year in industrialized countries, the WHO reports that more than half (6 million) due to interruption of blood circulation, in which 2.5 million were coronary heart disease and 1.5 million are stroke. MOH survey in 1986 and 1992, have increased mortality from heart disease of 9.7 per cent (ranked third) to 16 percent (ranked first).

Smoking is a major factor causing the heart blood vessel disease. Not just cause of coronary heart disease, smoking is also bad for the brain and peripheral blood vessels.

Diembuskan smoke smokers smoke can be divided into primary (main stream smoke) and smoke the side (side stream smoke). The main smoke is tobacco smoke that is inhaled directly by smokers, whereas the addition of smoke is tobacco smoke spread into the free air, which would be inhaled by another person or passive smokers.

4000 has found chemicals in cigarettes, with 40 species of which are carcinogenic (can cause cancer), in which more of this toxic material found on the side of smoke, such as carbon monoxide (CO) 5 times more commonly found on the side instead of smoke The main smoke, benzopiren three times, and ammonia 50 times. These materials can last up to several hours in space after the smoking stops.

Generally the focus of research aimed at the role of nicotine and carbon monoxide. Both these materials, in addition to increased oxygen demand, also disrupt the oxygen supply to the heart muscle (myocardial) so that the adverse myocardial work.

Nicotine interfere with the sympathetic nervous system due to increasing myocardial oxygen demand. Besides smoking causes addiction, nicotine also stimulates the release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac oxygen demand, and cause arrhythmia. Nicotine also obstructing the nerve, brain, and many other body parts. Nicotine activated with the consequent emergence of Platelet adhesion Platelet (clotting) into the blood vessel walls.

Carbon monoxide causes hemoglobin desaturasi, directly reducing oxygen supply to the entire body including the myocardial tissue. CO replaces the oxygen in hemoglobin, interfering with the release of oxygen, and accelerated atherosclerosis (calcification / thickening of blood vessel walls). Thus, physical exercise capacity lowered CO, increased blood viscosity, thus simplifying the clotting of blood.

Nicotine, CO, and other substances in cigarette smoke proved to be damaging the endothelial (inner wall of blood vessels), and facilitate the occurrence of blood clots. In addition, cigarette smoke affect the lipid profile. Compared with nonsmokers, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride blood of smokers is higher, whereas HDL cholesterol is lower.

Coronary Heart Disease

Smoking is proven to be the biggest risk factor for sudden death.

The risk of coronary heart disease increased by 2-4 times in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This risk increases with age and number of cigarettes smoked. Research shows that smoking risk factors work synergistically with other factors such as hypertension, lipid levels or high blood sugar, to tercetusnya CHD.

Please note that the risk of death from coronary heart disease decreases by 50 percent in the first year after smoking was stopped. As a result of clotting (thrombosis) and calcification (atherosclerosis), blood vessel walls, smoking will clearly damage the blood vessels peripheral.

PPDP involving arteries and veins in the leg or arm is often found in young adult smokers, often will end up with amputation.

DISEASE (Stroke)

Blockage of blood vessels of the brain that many emergent or stroke associated with smoking. Risk of stroke and death risk higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers.

In a study conducted in the United States and England, was found smoking habits increase the likelihood of the emergence of AIDS in HIV. In the group of smokers, AIDS resulting in an average 8.17 months, whereas in the group of nonsmokers arise after 14.5 months. Immune decline in smokers initiated more easily affected by AIDS so important to quit smoking once in a defensive measure against AIDS.

Now more and more investigated and reported adverse effects on pregnant women smoking, impotence, decrease in immune individuals, including in patients with viral hepatitis, gastric cancer, and others. From the point of health economics, the impact of diseases that arise from smoking will clearly add to costs, both for individuals, families, corporations, even countries.

Diseases that arise from smoking affect the provision of manpower, especially skilled workers or executive staff, with sudden death or disability arising obvious cause large losses for the company. Decline in labor productivity raises corporate earnings decline, the economic burden that is not too little for individuals and families. Expenditures for health care costs increase, families, corporations, and government.

SMOKING HABITS

It should attempt to stop smoking is the duty and responsibility from all levels of society. Information and counseling, particularly among the younger generation, can also be linked with efforts to overcome the dangers of narcotics, school health efforts, and informing the general public health.

Community role model figures, including officials, religious leaders, teachers, health workers, artists, and sportsmen, deservedly become a role model by not smoking. It should also be restrictions on smoking opportunities in public places, schools, public transport and workplaces; regulation and control of tobacco advertising campaign; put health warnings on cigarette packages and cigarette advertising.

No smoking climate must be created. This should be implemented simultaneously by all of us, who wants the achievement of the Indonesian nation state and a healthy and prosperous.

GATES DRUGS

The most serious consequence of chronic use of nicotine is addictive. Once someone becomes a smoker, it will be difficult to end the practice both physically and psychologically. Smoking becomes a compulsive habit, starting with the ceremonial lighting a cigarette and exhaling smoke made repeatedly.

Because the addictive nature (making a person become addicted to) in the Diagnostic and Statistical cigarette Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) are grouped into Nicotine Related Disorders. While WHO categorize it as a form of addiction. Pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction similar to the process that causes addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.

Nicotine affects the properties of the brain with dopamine the same processes as those drugs. In order psychoactive properties of addictive substances, nicotine is more addictive than heroin cause, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine and marijuana. According to Flemming, Glyn and Ershler smoking is an early stage to become drug abuse (drug abuse). Try smoking is significantly open opportunities using illegal drugs in the future.

Based on known epidemiological data approximately 20% of smokers have eight times the risk of drug abuse, and risky eleven times to be heavy drinkers than those who do not smoke. Special attention on this issue is associated with the increasing number of teenage smokers.

Dealing with problems in adolescent smoking is expected to prevent problems that would arise in the future regarding these habits, one of which is drug abuse prevention. According to Teddy Hidayat, Soul Medicine Specialist, Youth at high risk are adolescents who have immediate pemuasaan nature, less able to delay the desire, feeling empty and easily bored, anxious, anxiety, and depression.

An understanding of the nature of smoking habits and tendencies of personality someone will help efforts to stop these harmful habits. For the prevention of smoking habits in children and adolescents. Parents and teachers held a major role to supervise, provide the correct information and most importantly, do not serve as an example the behavior of individuals who are addicted to smoking habits.

MENTAL HEALTH Disturb

Smoking is closely associated with disability and decreased quality of life. In a study in Germany since the year 1997-1999 which involved 4181 respondents, concluded that respondents who have the nicotine dependence have a worse quality of life, and nearly 50% of respondents smokers have at least one type of psychiatric disorders. Also note also that mental patients tended more often to be smokers, ie 50% of patients in mental disorders, 70% of patients seeking treatment maniakal outpatient and 90% of patients seeking treatment skizrofen road.

Berdasaran study from CASA (Columbian University 's National Center On Addiction and Substance Abuse), adolescent smokers have twice the risk of experiencing symptoms of depression compared to teens who do not smoke. Active smokers were more likely having a panic attack than those who do not smoke Many studies prove that smoking and depression is an interlocking relationship. Depression causes people to smoke and smokers usually have symptoms of depression and anxiety (anxiety).

Most patients with depression admitted to smoking in his life. History of depression was associated with the presence or absence of drug withdrawal symptoms (withdrawal) of nicotine when a person decides to quit smoking. As many as 75% of depression sufferers who tried to quit smoking experience withdrawal symptoms drug. This is certainly related to the increasing number of business failures to quit smoking and relapse in patients with depression.

In addition, the substance of nicotine withdrawal symptoms similar to symptoms of depression. However, it was reported that drug withdrawal symptoms experienced by patients with depression are more physical symptoms such as reduced concentration, sleep disturbance, fatigue and weight gain).

Nicotine as a drug psychiatric disorders smoking as a form of therapy for psychiatric disorders is still a controversial debate. Psychiatric disorders can cause a person to smoking and smoking can cause psychiatric disorders, although the amount is very small, about 70% of smokers do not have symptoms of mental disorder.

In general, smoking can lead to increased concentration, reduce hunger, reduce anxiety, and depression. In some studies nicotine is shown to be effective for the treatment of depression. Basically nicotine provides a promising opportunity for use as a psychoactive drug. However, nicotine has a very narrow terapheutic index, which ranges between the appropriate dose for therapeutic and toxic doses is very narrow.

Therefore considered a form of nicotine in pure form but not in the form of analogues. However, the thought of nicotine as a drug is not in the habit of smoking. Like morphine is used as a powerful analgesic (pain barrier), Requirement in the supervision of a physician. Gravity, this time nicotine can be obtained freely and easily in a cigarette, it needs to be aware because smoking does not necessarily become a justification for the treatment of symptoms of psychiatric disorders.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A study of smoking and reproductive conducted throughout the two decades that concluded that smoking can cause damage to the reproductive system of a person starting from puberty until adulthood

In the study Dr. Sinead Jones, director of The British Medical Association's Tobacco Control Resource Centre, found that women who smoke have a relatively small possibility to get a descent.

men will experience two times the risk of infertile (infertile) as well as having the risk of DNA damage in sperm cells. While the results of research on pregnant women increased incidence of miscarriage. The study said that from 3000 to 5000 events per year in the UK miscarriage, is closely linked to smoking.

120 000 British men aged between 30 sampai50 years experience impotence due to smoking. Even worse, smoking has implications in 1200 cases of cervical cancer per year.

WOMEN SMOKING, EARLY MENOPAUSE

Women who smoke are likely to begin menopause before age 45 years and also make them face the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, Norwegian researchers reported.

"In between as many as 2123 women aged 59 to 60 years, those who currently smoked, 59% more likely to experience premature menopause compared with women who do not smoke," said Dr. Thea F. Mikkelsen of the University of Oslo and colleagues.

For the heaviest smokers, the risk of premature menopause has almost doubled. However, women who formerly smoked, but stopped at least 10 years before menopause, basically less likely to stop menstruating compared with smokers before age 45 years.

There is evidence that smoking later in life makes a woman more likely to experience premature menopause, while smokers who quit before middle age may not be affected, Mikkelsen and his team said in the online journal BMC Public Health.

They investigated the relationship further and determine whether to become passive smokers may also affect the time of menopause. The researchers found that nearly 10% of women entering menopause before age 45 years.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES

According Menkessos, this rapid growth make Indonesia is expected to reach record, especially with a variety of health problems severe enough, among them related to smoking. While it is recognized Menkessos, restrictions limiting the activity of smoking in public places could still be more assertive.

Although the PP No 81/1999 as amended by Regulation 38/2000 on Tobacco for Health Security is introduced, but it was recognized, his law enforcement has not been available so do not have the strength.

detikcomTingginya target state revenue from cigarette excise which reached Rp 17 trillion in 2001 assessed budget has caused the government does not consistently enforce security PP No.38/2000 on cigarettes for health.

VII Commission of the Parliament urged to regulate cigarettes were made in the form of the Act, so that people will have a fairly strong bargaining position. In addition, the Parliament will be able to conduct rigorous oversight of government and the tobacco industry.

Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM) will take firm action against tobacco companies that broadcast cigarette advertising in electronic media below at 21:30 local time. "If the warning is ignored, BPOM will do its laws in accordance with laws and regulations that apply," he asserted. Cigarette ad that violates the provisions of Regulation No.81 year 1999 about Cigarettes For Health and Safety Regulation No.38 year 2000 concerning the Amendment of Government Regulation No. 81 year 1999 will be subject to imprisonment of five years and a criminal fine of Rp100 million. Cigarette tax receipts in 2000 reached Rp 10.27 trillion, while health spending caused by smoking according POM data from the Directorate General of Health in the same year reached Rp 11 trillion.

STOP SMOKING

Several reasons to stop smoking

1. Impotence

Smoking reduces the blood flow needed to achieve a state of erection. Because That matter, cigarettes can affect penile erection days.

2. Facial wrinkles

Smoking can reduce the flow of oxygen and nutrients needed by your skin cells constrict blood vessels around the face. So will cause wrinkles.

3. Berbercak teeth and breath odor.

Particles from cigarette smoke can give a yellow to brown spots on your teeth, and this will also trap odor-producing bacteria in your mouth. Abnormalities of the gums and teeth are also more common in smokers.

4. You and around 'become smelly.

Cigarette smoking has an unpleasant smell and stick to everything, from your hair and skin to clothes and items around you. And the smell is absolutely not something that evokes a sense of spouse and friends.

5. Brittle bones

Numerous studies have found an association between smoking and osteoporosis in men and women. A case study observing hip fractures in elderly women, and concluded that one out of eight cases of bone fractures caused by bone loss caused by smoking.

6. Depression

Some scientists consider cigarettes contain substances that can cause an increase in mood. These substances are usually implies reduced when a person suffers from depression. That is also the reason why people under stress or depression tend to seek 'refuge' to cigarettes.

7. A bad role model for children.

Every day, 3,000 children in the U.S. dliperkirakan who become addicted to smoking cigarettes. If they keep smoking, 1,000 of them will surely die from smoking-related diseases.

8. Fire

if you're careless, when smoking fixation and dispose of cigarette butts are still burning to any place can cause a fire.

9. Poor blood circulation

Red blood cell has been designed by nature to carry oxygen around the body. In smokers, the oxygen molecules is replaced by components of cigarette smoke, thus inhibiting oxygen transport that are important to cell life.

10. Impressed stupid

If smokers defend their dependence, there is one truth that they can not deny: Like the slogan says, smoking is a killer. so, if there is still a continuing habit of it, it would look stupid.

THREE MAIN THING

Seeing the dangers that smoking can inflict, it is among us need to shoulder to shoulder to do three main things:

ü Communication and information about the dangers of smoking, both for the direct or passive smoking smokers.

ü Provide special places for people who smoke to nonsmokers not exposed to negative impacts.

ü Do not feel reluctant to provoke the smoker, if you feel disturbed.

STOP SMOKING STRATEGY

Here are strategies you can use to quit smoking:

1. Plan the time to stop

Plan when you will quit smoking for good. The timing may be just a few days later or two weeks. By the day quit smoking, you reduce the number of cigarettes smoked each day.

2. Drugs

Drugs to help reduce the symptoms of quitting smoking until the worst effects exceeded. You have a choice of either drugs or prescription drugs based on over-the-counter (without prescription). Discuss these options with your doctor.

3. Help yourself

In planning and maintaining your desire to stop smoking, find information about smoking and diseases caused by various credible sources like the American Cancer Society, American Lung Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the local sites such as the Indonesian Cancer Foundation, Heart Foundation of Indonesia, the Committee National Smoking Control Problems. Help yourself with the information to convince you to stay away from cigarettes after quitting smoking.

4. Support groups

Whether you meet online or at a support group. Seek support from people who are also trying to quit smoking.

5. Counseling

Counselling is face to face meeting with a trusted physician, psychologist, nurse or counselor. This forum will discuss any matters that prevent you to stop smoking and ways to overcome them.

6. Cold turkey

Is a direct strategy to quit smoking. If you choose cold turkey then you will experience symptoms of tobacco withdrawal symptoms, like all people who quit smoking as impatient (restlessness), increased appetite, irritability.

It is recommended that you seek help when you quit smoking, either support or treatment.

7. Sport

Exercise can help you cope with stress and weight increase after you quit smoking.

8. Invite a Friend / Family

Ask a friend or family member who did not smoke for providing their time if you are experiencing difficult times.

9. Alternative Therapies

Some smokers try hypnosis or acupuncture methods to help them quit smoking, though not many of which proved successful. However, if the method is to make you stop smoking, it means that your methods are matched.

To quit smoking, you need a personal approach. What works for others may not work for you

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

If you are a smoker and plan to have children, stop smoking now! (Experts recommend that you stop smoking at least one month before conception). Consult a physician or other health professionals to help eliminate your smoking habit. There are so many techniques on offer, find the most appropriate thing to do.

Here are seven ways to quit smoking we recommend:

1. Clean up and discard. Clean up and dispose of all cigarettes that you have.

2. Make a note and a warning. Write a note such as "You are now non-smokers" and stick to the places you visit frequently - in bed, the table etc..

3. Do it again and again. Stay stopped smoking on the day that you specify to do so. Do not halting it.

4. Concentrate on the job every day to divert the desire to smoke.

5. Think positive. Think of yourself as a nonsmoker. If there are bids smoking from friends, tell your friends it firmly "I do not smoke."

6. Ask for support from family, close friends and peers to help you get rid of this smoking habit.

7. Fight the urge to smoke:

* Divert attention when you want to smoke. Say to yourself "Later!" And do other positive things.

* Sigh heavily. Pull the breath for five seconds and release slowly.

* Drink plenty of water. Avoid beverages containing caffeine such as coffee, tea or cola.

* Sibukkan yourself with activities. This is vital so you can not always think to smoke. Activities that could be done for example gardening, reading books etc..

* Make exercise at least three times a week for 20 minutes each session.

* Washing your hands or shower when you want to smoke.

* Chew something like chewing gum, etc..

* Pray that you be given strength and a constant desire to quit smoking

At first the struggle to quit smoking requires a very heavy. Do not be surprised if there are signs such as irritability, difficult to control the feelings, lack of concentration, anxiety, insomnia, cough, decreased pulse rate, and increases appetite. This phase is called the phase of withdrawal. Will go away after three to four weeks.

High Blood / Hypertension

Hypertension or High Blood is a condition in which the person is subjected to increased blood pressure is above normal or chronic (long periods). Hypertension is a disorder that is difficult to know by our own bodies. The only way to know hypertension is to measure your blood pressure regularly.



Note 9 of 10 people suffering from hypertension can not be identified the cause of his illness. That is why hypertension is called silent killer or the silent killer. Someone had felt the impact of severity of hypertension when there have been complications. So just realize when it has led to organ disorders such as disturbances of heart function, coronary, renal function, impaired cognitive function or stroke. Hypertension basically reduces the life expectancy of sufferers.

Besides hypertension caused high mortality rates (high case fatality rate) also have an impact on the expensive medications and treatments that must be borne by the patient. It should also be remembered for the reduction of hypertension also affect the quality of life.

Hypertension can actually be derived from parent to child. If one parent is affected by hypertension, the tendency of children to suffer from hypertension are higher than those who do not have parents Hypertension sufferers.

Diagnosis

In general, a person is said to suffer from hypertension if the systolic blood pressure / diastoliknya exceeds 140/90 mmHg (normal 120/80 mm Hg). Is the systolic blood pressure when the heart pumps blood into the arteries (when the heart contract). Is diastolic blood pressure when the heart expands and suck the blood back (empty deflating arteries).


Actually, the boundary between normal blood pressure and high blood pressure are unclear, so the classification of hypertension are based on high levels of blood pressure that lead to increased risk of heart disease and blood vessels.

According to WHO, in the last guidelines in 1999, limits the blood pressure is still considered normal is less than 130/85 mmHg, while if more than 140/90 mmHg is expressed as hypertension, and in between the TSB-called high-normal. (These limits are for adult individuals above 18 years).

Symptom

The occurrence mechanism of Hypertension Symptoms of hypertension include headache, flushing, headache, bleeding from the nose of a sudden, aching necks, and others. Impact that can be caused by hypertension is kidney damage, bleeding in the cornea (the retina), rupture of blood vessels in the brain, and paralysis.

Cause
Based on the cause, Hypertension can be classified into two namely:

1. Essential or primary hypertension

The exact cause of essential hypertension is still not yet known. However, various factors thought to have played a role as the primary cause of hypertension, such as increasing age, psychological stress, and heredity (descent). Approximately 90% of hypertensive patients classified as primary hypertension, while 10% is classified as secondary hypertension.

2. Secondary hypertension / li>

Secondary hypertension is hypertension that causes are known, among other abnormalities of blood vessels, kidney, thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism), adrenal gland disease (hyperaldosteronism), and others. Because the largest group of patients with essential hypertension is hipertensia, then more investigation and treatment of patients with essential hypertension is intended to.

Based on the factor due to hypertension increases blood pressure in the arteries can occur in several ways:


- A stronger heart pumps that drain more fluid on every second

- There was thickening and stiffness in the artery walls due to advanced age. Large arteries lose elasticity and become rigid, so that they can not inflate when the heart pumps blood through the arteries. Hence the blood at each heart beat was forced to go through narrow vessels than usual and causes increased pressure.

- Increased fluid in the circulation can cause increased blood pressure. This occurs when there is renal dysfunction that can not throw some salt and water from the body. Blood volume in the body increases, so the blood pressure also increases.

Therefore, if the heart pumping activity is reduced, widening the artery experience, and plenty of fluids out of circulation. Then the blood pressure will decrease or become smaller.

Based on the trigger, which is not differentiated Hypertension can be controlled such as age, gender, and heredity. In 70-80% of cases of primary hypertension, history of hypertension was found in the family. When history of hypertension was found in both parents, the alleged primary hypertension is greater. Hypertension is also encountered in patients monozigot twins (one egg), when one of them suffered from hypertension. This conjecture is supported that genetic factors play a role in the occurrence of hypertension.

While that can be controlled, such as obesity, stress, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol and salt consumption. These environmental factors also influence the incidence of essential hypertension. The relationship between stress with hypertension, suspected by the sympathetic nervous activation. Sympathetic nerves are the nerves that work at the time we move, the parasympathetic nerves are nerves that work the moment we do not move.

Increased sympathetic nerve activity can increase blood pressure in intermittent (unpredictable). If prolonged stress, can cause high blood pressure settled. Although this has not been proven, but the incidence is higher in urban than in rural areas. This can be attributed to the influence of stress experienced by groups of people who lived in the city.

Based on the investigation, obesity is a characteristic of the population of Hypertension and proved that this factor has a strong correlation with the occurrence of hypertension in the future. Although not yet able to explain the relationship between obesity and essential hypertension, but the investigation proved that the power of the heart pumps blood volume and circulation of obese patients with hypertension is higher compared with patients who have normal weight.


Prevention

Hypertension can be prevented by setting a good diet and enough physical activity. Avoid habits such as smoking and consuming alcohol allegedly influential in increasing the risk of incidence of hypertension, although the mechanism is not known with certainty.


Treatment

Sport more associated with the treatment of hypertension, because isotonic exercise (such as cycling, jogging, aerobics) which may facilitate the orderly circulation of blood so it can reduce blood pressure. Exercise also can be used to reduce / prevent obesity and reduce salt intake into the body (the body will sweat out salt through the skin).

Treatment of hypertension in broad outline is divided into two types:

1. Non-drug treatment (non-pharmacological)
2. Treatment with medication (pharmacologic)


Non-drug treatment (non-pharmacological)

Non-pharmacological treatment can sometimes control the blood pressure so that the pharmacologic treatment becomes necessary or at least postponed. Whereas in cases where anti-hypertensive medications required, non-pharmacological treatment can be used as a complement to obtain better treatment effects.


Non-pharmacological treatment include the following:

1. Diets low in salt / cholesterol / saturated fat
2. Reduce salt intake into the body.

Advice on salt reduction, the patient must pay attention to eating habits. A drastic reduction of salt intake will be difficult. This treatment should not be used as a single treatment, but it's better used as a complement to pharmacological treatment.

3. Create a relaxed state

Various methods of relaxation such as meditation, yoga or hypnosis could control the nervous system which ultimately can lower blood pressure.

4. Exercise such as aerobics or brisk walking for 30-45 minutes as many as 3-4 times a week.

5. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption


Treatment with medication (pharmacologic)

Antihypertensive drugs. There are many types of antihypertensive drugs currently available. For the selection of appropriate drugs is expected to reach the doctor.

* Diuretics

Type diuretic drugs work by issuing body fluids (through urine) so that the volume of body fluids resulting in reduced cardiac pump power becomes lighter.

Example obatannya is hydrochlorothiazide.

* Inhibiting the sympathetic

This class of drugs works by inhibiting the activity of the sympathetic nerves (nerves that work when we move).

Example medicine are: Metildopa, Klonidin and Reserpin.


* Betabloker

Mechanism of action of anti-hypertensive drugs is through a reduction in cardiac pump power. Type betabloker not recommended in patients who have been known to suffer from respiratory disorders such as bronchial asthma.

Example medicine are: Metoprolol, propranolol and atenolol. In patients with diabetes mellitus have to be careful, because it can cover up symptoms of hypoglycemia (a condition in which blood sugar levels fall to very low which could result in harm to the sufferer). In the parents there are symptoms of bronchospasm (airway narrowing) so that drug administration should be careful.


* Vasodilators

These drugs work directly on blood vessels by relaxing smooth muscle (muscle of blood vessels). Included in this group are: Prasosin, Hidralasin. Side effects that may occur from drug administration are: headache and dizziness.


* Angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitors

The workings of this class of drug is inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II substances (substances that can cause increased blood pressure).

Examples of drugs that belong to this class are captopril. Possible side effects include: dry cough, dizziness, headache and weakness.


* Calcium Antagonist

These drug classes reduce pump power of heart contractions by blocking the heart (contractility). Which include these drug classes are: nifedipine, and verapamil Diltiasem. Possible side effects include: constipation, dizziness, headache and vomiting.


* Angiotensin II receptor inhibitors

This is the way drugs work by blocking the attachment substance angiotensin II receptor resulting in lightness of heart pump power. Drugs that are included in this group is valsartan (Diovan). Possible side effects are: headache, dizziness, weakness and nausea.

With regular treatment and control, and avoiding risk factor for hypertension, the mortality rate due to disease can be suppressed.

Print Media fate Amid the Digital Age

If you're currently reading the newspaper, what is in your mind? Have you ever imagined what will happen to your favorite newspaper is present in the print edition of ten, twenty or forty years from now? Is it possible that we can still read the news pages of sheets of newspaper, while enjoying a cup of coffee are at home or office, the answer is "maybe yes" or "probably not".

Phillip Meyer is an author of books titled "The Vanishing Newspaper" predicts the last newspaper is published in April 2040. This can be seen from the start berjamurnya news presented in digital form as well as many interested persons.
Newspaper reading habits have become routine performed almost everybody, all the information scattered throughout the earth can be found simply by reading the news that has been summarized in a newspaper or magazine.

The presence of print media as well as community newspapers very helpful in finding the latest information such as, national and local news, health info, business info, job opportunities, supply of goods or services through advertising media, as well as many other positive things that can be obtained through the newspapers.

Internet Generation

Since the arrival of the internet, the pattern of life of the world community continues to change gradually. Society feels so spoiled by technology. Computer discovery, handphone, gadget, PDA, little by little has revolutionized the innocent face of our society.

Now we can see, how the internet provides a huge influence on the attitudes and actions of some of our communities, almost all urban communities have been very close to the internet, village communities are also beginning to be influenced by the circumstances that forced them to go forward with using technology.

The internet has been down the walls between the information so far can only browse through print media such as newspapers and magazines. Now by simply browsing through the computer devices or gadgets to use the Internet, we can find various types of information. There are thousands of sites scattered digital newspaper diinternet. The newspaper publisher has previously always been in the print edition of the newspaper. But due to competitive factors and to overcome the downturn, they are forced to share the news through the print and digital editions.

We can see how the collapse of the company's newspapers in the United States (U.S.), the incident was not caused by poor quality of journalism, but mostly due to reduction in the print edition of the newspaper buyers who mengakibatnya decrease in ad revenue through the print editions of newspapers, readers prefer to read newspapers in digital form through a computer or gadged media since news that appear tend to be new.

According to Nielsen Media Research survey in nine cities in Indonesia (population 43.87 million by age 10 years and over), in the third quarter 2009, the consumption of paper actually reached the lowest point in five years (beginning in 2005 reached 28 percent, but continued to decline residence 18 percent in the third quarter 2009). Magazine consumption went down from 20 percent to 11 percent, down from 20 percent tabloids to 13 percent). This proves how difficult the newspaper print edition today evolved.

As many as 34 percent of internet users are newspaper readers and 41 per cent of newspaper readers also access the local news from the Internet. Since 2006, the percentage of young Internet users continues to increase, from 12 percent to 20 percent (ages 10-14 years) and from 24 percent to 33 percent (ages 15-19 years), while for ages 20-29 years decreased from 40 percent to 30 percent (http://newspaper.pikiran-rakyat.com).

Advantages and disadvantages

Although the print media today seem drowned out by the presence of digital media. There are some inherent advantages and disadvantages of each media dimasing, as for the advantages of print media, namely,

1. The price is affordable by all people,
2. News submitted and are able to explain more fully,
3. Can be read many times by way of saving,
4. Easy to carry anywhere - where.



namely the lack of print media,
(1) news show is not the latest news (news yesterday).
(2) Cost to produce larger print than digital media,
(3) The time required to distribute print media tend to last longer.

Similarly, digital media, which has advantages and disadvantages. advantages of digital media, namely,

1. Information (news) can be delivered quickly,
2. Production costs tend to be cheaper.
3. Genesis of a news can be reported directly.



While the lack of digital media:

1. Can only be read in certain places, because they require supporting devices such as computers, gadgets and PDAs, some of which require an Internet connection to access a news site.
2. Not all people understand the use of computer media and so forth.



The presence of newspapers and magazines in print form has been so embedded in our social life, so that if the printed edition is no longer published, of course, will eliminate tadisi culture of reading newspapers and magazines in their entirety. The role of the local newspaper (local) for example, provides a huge contribution to regional development, in which newspapers were published. Citizens are also always in need of information on local news than national or international news.

We can only hope that the presence information through digital media will not give a great influence for the future development of the print media. The presence of both media are expected, could be a good complement deficiencies or excess. The public also will always hope that good news presented in the form of print and digital media, can provide a positive influence and beneficial to readers. Continue forward Indonesian print media.

Natural Resources and Environment (How The Two Sides of Currency)

In the management of natural resources is the main red thread is to prevent the emergence of a negative impact on the environment and strive to conserve natural resources to be used continuously for generations in the future. "Discussing about natural resources, can we divide them into two categories large, ie the natural resources that can be updated (such as forests, fisheries, etc.). And the natural resources that can not be updated, such as, petroleum, coal, tin, natural gas and other mining products. In this paper we will examine natural resources like minerals and it can not be updated. Talking about mining, tin is certainly one of them.

Moreover, lead is identical from a characteristic of a named Bangka Belitung province. Who does not know if we say our country is one of the tin-producing islands in the republic. However, talking about the management of mining products such as tin itself, it felt very embarrassed to see how the surface of this land have been destroyed and form pools, small pools to form such a small lakes. Especially needed are very expensive cost of land reclamation for at least reduce the adverse impacts on the future. Who will be blamed? It's not the question that we must charge.

But, how such a thing could happen and what should we do to provide the best solutions for the preservation of an environment. Maybe, if it is associated with poverty and how society should be thinking of filling "belly" thing is probably the main cause of population pushing the natural drain so damaging to the environment. If we observe that we can say there is a correlation between the number and kinds of natural resources with products for public consumption. The relationship can be seen that the greater the consumption patterns of society, the more resources will be managed and more varied consumption patterns of society, the more variety of natural resources also will be managed.

From the above mentioned problems, we can review and may need to be a question for us, why such a thing could happen? The answer is of course present in each of us to be more sensible to the environment before the environment itself that tells us that every natural disaster is caused by the human hand itself. We observe how a flood disaster that occurred in Aceh and North Sumatra are due to denudation of the National Park, Gunung Leuser, Alikodra (12/07/2006) or a clump of Sebalai own country, the last few weeks the flood which flooded the area Semabung, Pangkalpinang due nothing more to be absorbing the water in the surrounding area. Yet as we all know that forests have the ability to regulate watersheds, preventing erosion and flooding as well as maintaining soil fertility.

Speaking of natural resources must not be separated from the role of an appropriate technology for a sustainable environment. Therefore, employers must be able to choose the technology and production methods that could minimize the negative impact of the environment. Moreover, if we look at regional spatial planning policy was conducted in order to be able to create a balanced spatial use, optimal and environmentally sound manner for the benefit of the wider community. We can not close their eyes, how to use technology in the form of heavy equipment in the mining sector, which is seporadis chop down the forest to find the mines which sometimes result nil or 0%. To whom we will be responsible? Think about what can we leave behind for future generations and what can we say to them. Or environmental effects like this what will we inherit them?

End of a problem, of course will be finished with any possible solutions would be no follow-up to the front. First, governments should be more active in raising public awareness about the importance of the role of environment in human life through education in and outside school. Secondly, the need for inventory and evaluation of potential natural resources and environment. Third, increasing the potential benefits of research and development of forests, especially for the development of agriculture, industry and health. Fourth, the provision of Infrastructure and Natural Resources and Environment Spatial both on land, sea or air. Fifth, the need for EIA requirements on businesses that leads to life balance. Finally, the importance of education and joint partnership between Public Institutions in Managing the Environment and Natural Resources and the need to increase the ability of institutions and human resources management of natural resources and LH Apparatus. Because of good development is environmentally sound, although sometimes with the possibility of damage to be weighed and assessed the benefits and profits hurt by a decision taken full responsibility to future generations. Because future generations, did not participate in the decision making process is now in determining the use of natural resources from the fact we only lend them to the construction of the present with the impact of development in the later!

Written By: Fuad Hassan

Pollution and Waste

Ever hear the two words above. Have surely? Yes the two words above are the words that describe the destruction of the environment. Pollution is pollution. Usually we associate this with the pollution of air pollution, but pollution is the name of everything from water pollution, air,

The average air pollution generated from motor vehicle exhaust gas or smoke factory. With the smoke, the air becomes dirty and we are inhaling it also will feel suffocated. Even if we pollute the air with the za-specific substances, can be a toxic air lho. We look at Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Bebarapa time after the atom bomb exploded, we would know there was a large mushroom cloud soaring into the sky. Now it carries a mushroom cloud particles of radioactive dust that is very dangerous. A few days later after it lost a mushroom cloud, black rain and condensed water. The water was highly toxic lho. But the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced to drink it and they have predictable toxicity.

That's the danger of pollution that we are not aware of. In the meantime, we remain just out wastes that can menyebabkanpolusi. So it can be said if we continue to remove waste, the pollution would not be inevitable. For that we must be clever-clever existing wastewater treatment and trying hard to restore the natural resources that have been affected by pollution. In fact many ways to clean the affected water resource pollution.

To restore land that has been contaminated, we can make soil conservation. How? The trick is to greening. Plants can help enrich the soil and can absorb some of the chemicals in the soil. For water, we can do with advanced technology of water filtration or simple technologies. For advanced technology, it seems difficult for us ordinary people do it because it is expensive. So we should do a simple water filtration technology. The trick is to accumulate layers of sand, pebbles, and soil on a drum. Then the dirty water is inserted and if the water has flowed at the bottom of the drum, the water will be clean. Layers had been filtering out impurities in the water so the water can be clean again.

For that we must all participate in the struggle against waste and pollution for a better life. We have to find other technologies that can be used to reduce pollution in our environment.

Garbage Problem

Ever heard the fuss about Bantar Gebang garbage in the landfill? Communities around Bantargebang squeeze doubt by the existence of the landfill because the existence of a pile of garbage is very disturbing that so many lives. Water into the air also smells and odors. That is one of the many problems that can be generated waste.
Garbage is the remains of objects or goods that have been used in humans. Trash can be divided into two forms. The first inorganic and organic. Inorganic waste is waste that comes from objects that can not be described. Examples are plastic, cans, and others. While organic waste is waste that is formed from organic substances and can be described. Examples of this waste is the fallen leaves, paper, etc..
Maybe this waste problem, including trivial. But, if we realize that everyone is out of garbage and trash will eventually mounting number. We love to see piles of garbage at the curb foul-smelling. The stench is produced by decaying organic garbage. To overcome the problem of waste that more and more, people start thinking about a lot of ways. Starting from separating organic and inorganic waste to recycle garbage.
Sometimes we do not know what is the point separating the organic waste with the inorganic? The purpose is to facilitate further processing waste. Inorganic waste can not decompose and disappear from the earth quickly unlike organic waste. So the next processing is repeated to recycle other items. Other organic waste. Because it can decompose, organic waste is used as compost.
To recycle inorganic waste, we can make yourself at home or for a more professional more sophisticated equipment can be used in large factories. Garbage can be recycled itself is such a plastic bottle. Plastic bottles can be transformed into handicrafts and can be sold. Surely this will add to earnings. For a more professional management, usually a metal trash cans or metal form. Tin or iron was melted and then formed into another rage. This is to save the use of metal because it does not need to mine new metal.

6 Tips Computer Security Articles

Computer Security Articles!? maybe this is something that is often discussed in various articles on computers all over the blogs on the internet. I myself since my computer is connected to the internet has not even faced a serious problem with the name virus. Although never once made him dizzy

Well at least until the article was written for computer security!

According to me there are six things to be done so that we don tecinta computers affected or infected by a virus. Automatic computer security if we talk then we talked about how to prevent computer viruses.

While for computer security affairs from the thief's actions outside of this article yes: D Here only specialize utuk Internet viruses.

Here are six tips Computer Security article by Taufik Stars:

1. Use AntiVirus

Of course this is most important. Would not want anti-virus such as a guard that will prevent various kinds of viruses. Oh yes! If nggk have money ... please do not use pirated antivirus free antivirus use only. No less great kok eradicate the virus in the internet.

2. UPDATE!

Do not forget to always update to any computer security. Not only are anti virus updated. EVERYTHING! Operating systems in both, software and drivers installed. No software or software that is perfect .. there must be a security hole. Never trust a programmer who said "I sepurna Software in computer security"

To close the security hole that we must update and update. Because the virus is also always update and internet updates.

3. Be careful when browsing

Most viruses spread of internet porn sites and warez (mp3 illegal, pirated software, etc.). If ya do not want exposed to the virus do not get there. This is the best way to prevent computer viruses.

But I know you are addicted to such sites. So instead of it if there is a warning from your browser, it's better just ignore those sites. Or when visiting websites that the dialogue box will appear that its request to install something .. just been ignored.

Beware of such sites typically use puns like he was giving a gift to you. In fact it is an internet virus that can interfere with computer security.

4. Always scan files downloaded

Any files that you download even if it comes from a trusted website like this blog. That should be fixed with anti-virus scanned. For example when you download a free ebook, what do you believe that germ-free ebook mean uh virus free. Or when to get a free script script .. is it true that it's really safe.

Preventing it is always better than cure

5. Careful email

One of the Internet is a virus spread by email. Especially if you got an email that contains files such as EXE, VBS, BAT. Plus it was sent by strangers ... internet viruses might turn off the computer and reboot it and appears the message "Congratulations your hard drive capacity increases"

How not to grow, lha wong all files deleted.

6. Read on computer security articles

The development of a computer that runs like a panther ... very quickly. Maybe the computer security article you read a month ago is outdated era inedible. So on and keep reading the various articles such good computers in this blog: D

Benefits of the computer was indeed a lot. But at the same time also appeared to bother the things that computer security is maintained.

Diabetes, Sugar Honey's Disease

Diabetes, Sugar Honey's Disease

The number of people with diabetes in Indonesia according to WHO data in the year 2009 reached 8 million people and is predicted to increase to more than 21 million people in 2025. That's what makes Indonesia ranks four countries with the highest number of diabetics in the world. Survey of people with diabetes in Jakarta showed that one of eight people with diabetes. Both men and women, young and old, live in towns and villages, have the same risk of diabetes. What is diabetes? How symptoms of diabetes? What are the dangers of diabetes so it is often nicknamed "Sillent Killer" or "the Silent Killer"? Can diabetes be cured?


Diabetes Mellitus

The full name is diabetes mellitus diabetes, which means "sugar honey." The term "diabetes mellitus" comes from the Greek which, when translated means "flowing through the pipe to atmospheric pressure" and the Latin language which can be translated as "sweet as honey".

Understanding of Greek and Latin diabetes describing precisely. Because the water past the body of diabetic patients as if poured from the mouth through the urinary tract and directly out of the body. Diabetisi urine (diabetes), it was sweet because it contains sugar. First, one tests for diabetes is to pour into the patient's urine near an ant nest. If the insects that infest the urine, this indicates the existence of sugar. That is why diabetes is often referred to as diabetes.

What is Diabetes?

Every food we eat is converted into energy by the body. In the stomach and intestines, food elaborated into several basic elements, including one type of sugar, namely glucose. If there is sugar, the pancreas produces insulin, which helps drain the sugar into body cells. Then, the sugar can be absorbed well in the body and burned to produce energy.
Indonesia was ranked as the four countries with the highest number of diabetics in the world

When a person has diabetes, the pancreas that person can not produce enough insulin to absorb sugar obtained from food. That which causes blood sugar levels are high due to heaps of sugar from food that can not be absorbed well and burned into energy. Other causes are defective insulin or the body can not utilize insulin properly.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, an organ next to the stomach. This hormone attaches itself to receptors on the cell wall. Insulin receptors on duty to open the cell wall so glucose enters the cell. Then these cells convert glucose into energy the body needs to do activities. In other words, insulin helps deliver sugar into cells so that transformed into energy. If the amount of insulin is not enough, it happened hoarding sugar in the blood causing diabetes.

The cause of diabetes or diabetes, depending on the type of diabetes who suffer. There are two common types of diabetes that affects many people are diabetes type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The difference is that if type 1 diabetes because of pancreatic organ function can not produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes because the problem is less the amount of insulin because the pancreas can not function properly.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is often called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or a Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin. Thus type 1 diabetes associated with pancreatic inability to make insulin. So this type of diabetes associated with damage or malfunctioning of the pancreas to produce insulin.

Patients with type 1 diabetes mostly occurs in people under the age of 30 years. That is why the disease is often called diabetes in children because the sufferer is more common in children and adolescents. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can not produce enough insulin because the body's immune system disorder that destroys cells that produce insulin, or because of a virus infection so that the hormone insulin in the body decreases and the resulting accumulation of sugar in the bloodstream.
Causes of Type 1 Diabetes
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can not produce enough insulin. Because of the lack of insulin causes the glucose stays in the bloodstream and can not be used as energy. Some causes of the pancreas can not produce enough insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes, among other reasons:

* Descent or genetic factors. If one or both parents suffer from diabetes, then the children are at risk of diabetes.
* Autoimmune body is allergic to one type of cell or tissue itself-in this case, which exist in the pancreas. The body loses the ability to form insulin because the immune system destroys cells that produce insulin.
* Virus or chemical substances that cause damage to the island of cells (cell groups) in the pancreas where insulin is made. More and more islands of damaged cells, the greater the likelihood of someone suffering from diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes Treatment

Because the pancreas produces insulin difficulties, then the insulin must be added each day. Generally by way of injection of insulin. Is it possible with oral care? You can not, because insulin can be destroyed in the stomach when inserted through the mouth.

Another way is to improve the work function of the pancreas. If the pancreas can again function normally, the pancreas can meet the needs of insulin the body needs.


Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes often also called Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, or Diabetes Mellitus Without Insulin Dependent on. Unlike diabetest type 1, type 2 problem is not because the pancreas does not make insulin because the insulin is made but not enough. Most of the inhaled insulin that is produced by fat cells due to lifestyle and eating habits are not good. While the pancreas can not make enough insulin to overcome insulin deficiency so that blood sugar levels will rise.

Type 2 diabetes is a type of diabetes that affects the majority. Approximately 90% to 95% of diabetics suffer from type 2 diabetes. Type of diabetes is most commonly suffered by adults over the age of 30 years and tends to get worse gradually.
Causes of Type 2 Diabetes
The cause of type 2 diabetes because the insulin produced by the pancreas is not sufficient to bind the sugar in the blood caused by diet or an unhealthy lifestyle. Some of the main causes of type 2 diabetes can be summarized as follows:

* Factor descent, if the parents or any siblings who experience it.
* A diet or an unhealthy lifestyle. Number of fast food outlets (fast food), which presents the fatty foods and unhealthy.
* High cholesterol levels.
* Rarely exercise.
* Obesity or being overweight.

All causes of type 2 diabetes is generally due to unhealthy lifestyles. This makes the metabolism in the body is not perfect, so make insulin in the body can not function properly. The hormone insulin can be absorbed by fat in the body. Thus diet and unhealthy living light can make the body lacks insulin.
Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Type 2 diabetes treatment is to force the work function of the pancreas so it can produce more insulin. If the pancreas can produce insulin the body needs, then the blood sugar levels would decrease due to be converted into energy. In many cases, can be treated with pills, at least initially, to stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. The pill itself is not insulin.

However tired the pancreas can produce insulin if constantly forced. The best way to cope with type 2 diabetes is with a good diet to lose weight and sugar content, accompanied by appropriate calisthenics.


Diabetes Symptoms

Because of the lack of insulin and has a high sugar content in blood, then some of the symptoms that are common to both type 1 diabetes or type 2. If you experience some of these symptoms, you'll want to check to determine blood sugar levels. In general, several symptoms that occur include:

* Frequent urination
* Often feel very thirsty
* Often hungry because they do not have enough energy so the body's hunger signals
* Weight loss despite a sudden there is no attempt to lose weight. This is because when the body can not distribute the sugar into the cells, the body burn fat and protein alone to get energy.
* Frequently tingling in the feet or hands.
* Having problems like itchy skin or ulcers.
* If injured, take longer to be cured.
* Changes in behavior such as irritability. The causes for type 1 diabetics often awoke at night to urinate and could not sleep soundly.
* Easy to feel tired.

Are You Affected Diabetes?

Although these symptoms can indicate a person has had diabetes, but the best way to determine whether you have diabetes or not is to do the checking. What can be done to see if you have diabetes? Here are some alternatives that you can do either personally or in clinical tests.
How much sugar levels are normal?
Sugar levels after fasting:
Normal: below 100 mg / dl
Prediabetes: 100-126 mg / dl
Diabetes: above 126 mg / dl

Sugar levels two hours after eating:
Normal: below 140 mg / dl
Prediabetes: 140-200 mg / dl
Diabetes: above 200 mg / dl

Blood Tests

Usually done in the laboratory, which is tested when fasting and postprandial blood. Before conducting the test, you must fast for 12 hours. Normal glucose levels during fasting is below 100 mg / dl. After that, blood sampling will be carried back two hours after eating, when the results above 140 mg / dL may mean you have diabetes.
Urine tests

Urine or urine checked for albumin, sugar and determines the mikroalbuminurea to whether a person suffering from this disease or not. This test was also conducted in the laboratory or clinic.
Glukometer

This test can be done independently at home if you have the appliance. The trick is to put a needle in the finger to take blood samples. Then, blood samples were placed into the gap which is available on glukometer machine. The result is not too accurate, but can be used to monitor the sugar for people with no indication of sugar so that if the height can be checked in the lab and call the doctor. Recent glukometer tools have been designed so easy to use and does not cause pain when taking a blood sample.


Diabetes Danger

Here are some serious dangers caused by diabetes.

*
Long-Term Complications
Diabetes can cause long-term complications such as heart attack, stroke, blindness due to glaucoma, kidney disease, and wounds can not heal until the infection and had to be amputated. Even the most dreadful degree is death. These complications caused by blood vessel damage, nerve damage, and the inability of the body against infection. However, not all diabetic patients experience long-term problems of this.
*
Hypoglycemia
Although it is not good when a high sugar content, but a patient with diabetes mellitus or diabetes may also be a sudden onset of very low blood sugar below the normal threshold is called hypoglycemia. It's also very dangerous because it can make sufferers shaky, sweaty, tired, hungry, irritable, or confused or fast heartbeat, blurred vision, headache, body numbness, or tingling around the mouth and lips. Can even be the seizure or fainting. Often times, proper diet and regular meals can help prevent problems that. Consume glucose, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, can raise blood sugar levels back to a safer level to other foods can be consumed.
*
Ketoacidosis
If glucose can not be processed properly by the body, fat and protein in the body to be utilized by the body's energy. But when the body burns fat, forming a residue called ketones. Ketones accumulate in the blood and flows into the urine. Because ketones are more acidic than healthy tissue, high levels of ketones in the blood can cause a serious condition called ketoacidosis. The early symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis is thirst and frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and abdominal pain (especially in children). Breathing becomes deep and rapid as the body attempts to repair the blood acidity. Patient breath smells like the smell of acetone. Diabetic ketoacidosis could develop into a coma, sometimes within just a few hours.


Prevent and Control Diabetes

Given the dangers and complications that can result from diabetes, then avoid or control high blood sugar levels is the best way. How?

* Lose weight. Fat in the body can absorb insulin.
* Avoid fatty foods, preserved or fried. Instead, choose foods high in carbohydrate and glucose complex.
* Reduce or sweet foods which contain lots of high calorie glucose.
* Drink plenty of water.
* Exercise regularly.
* Avoid stress.
* Avoid alcohol or softdrink.
* Avoid smoking. Diabetics who smoke are even more risky, because of their habits of heart and circulatory system damage, and narrowing of blood vessels. A reference stating that 95 percent of diabetes-related amputations performed on smokers.
* Drink a doctor recommended drug for lowering blood sugar levels.
* For patients with type 1 diabetes, regular insulin should be given through insulin therapy.

Cure diabetes did not exist, but by controlling blood sugar, one can avoid the dangers of this disease. Changing diet and lifestyle for the better and more healthy to be started. People who suspect that he was suffering from diabetes should see a doctor who has experience in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Overcoming Pain and Dental cavities

Toothache

Dental cavities are not caused by worms such as the opinion of those in the past. This theory lasted until the 1700s until Willoughby Miller an American dentist who works at the University of Berlin found the cause of tooth decay. He discovered that the tooth cavity caused by the meeting between the bacteria and sugar. Bacteria will convert sugar from food into acids that residual environmental causes teeth to become acidic (environmental natural teeth are supposed to be alkaline) and acid is what ultimately makes a small hole in the tooth enamel.

When a hole occurs in tooth enamel, we have not felt a toothache. However, a small hole next to the email can be a gap remaining food and the bacteria will make a bigger hole to punch dentin. At this time we will feel a shooting pain in the teeth when eating. If allowed, the hole until the hole will be nervous that we will begin to experience a toothache. This process will not stop until the teeth eventually become exhausted and only the remaining tooth root.

Toothache can not be underestimated as some few people, because when silenced, can make the teeth becomes swollen and inflamed. Also cavities can become a means towards the channel entrance of germs that can cause blood vessels of kidney, lung, heart and other diseases.

In order not getting worse, so if you have cavities you should immediately visit your dentist to treat it. Although many people do not like going to the dentist for reasons not care about the state of teeth, expensive worried, afraid or ashamed of being ridiculed because of damaged teeth, but going to the dentist is the best solution to deal with a toothache. Cavities can not be cured by itself. Although, possibly after suffering a toothache, the pain may be lost but did not improve the condition of the teeth. Teeth will remain hollow, the hole will keep growing even bigger.

Patching Dentistry and Dental Unplug

The measures will generally be taken dentist is patching a damaged tooth, if the hole is not too large. But if we feel the toothache, the process of filling can not be directly carried out, because then the gas in the tooth can not get out. The doctor will give you painkillers or will turn off the tooth nerve so that we are not tormented with the pain. On the next visit before the teeth will be cleaned and patched temporarily, permanently filling done on the next visit again.

If the hole is too big and does not allow for the patched, it means that teeth should be revoked. Just as the process of filling teeth, the teeth also can not be readily removed when the teeth still hurt. This is caused when we feel a toothache, then the anesthetic (drug resistant so as not to hurt when the teeth removed) can not penetrate the roots of teeth, so that when removed will cause tremendous pain. New tooth extraction process can be done when the tooth had no pain and to relieve pain doctors would turn off the tooth nerve.


Preventing tooth decay

To prevent the occurrence of holes in the teeth, you can perform the following steps:

*
Regular dental check
Visit your dentist every six months even if you do not feel the toothache. This is needed so that doctors can detect a small hole that occurred in the tooth and can be handled immediately so that the hole is not bigger. Can also detect the uneven teeth or notched which can cause the teeth difficult to clean.
*
Brushing your teeth regularly and at the right time
In the morning after breakfast and at night before bed is the perfect time to brush my teeth. Saliva is not much out as we go to bed, so the teeth will be damaged if you let the rest of the food on your teeth without a brush. Saliva is useful to memlinfungi teeth from bacteria that cause cavities.
*
Brushing teeth the right way
While brushing your teeth regularly has been done but if done in a way that is not true, of course the result will not be maximized. The correct way is by brushing downwards to the front teeth (incisors), the top, brushing teeth towards the top to bottom and front teeth brushing horizontally for a molar. Brushing teeth should be longer, because this tooth has the potential attachment of leftovers.
*
Mouthwash after meals
Tooth brushing is not possible after we eat, the best way is rinsed her mouth so that leftovers do not keep sticking and reduce acid in the dental situation.
*
Use dental floss to remove food scraps
Food scraps left behind, should not be removed by using a toothpick. Use a toothpick can cause a gap between teeth in addition to the greater of the gums can cause injury.
*
Choose a toothpaste that contains fluoride
Using toothpaste that contains fluoride. This substance is one of the enamel-forming material. The presence of these substances can prevent decay on teeth.
*
Eat fibrous foods
Eat vegetables or fruit proved to be made stronger teeth and preventing cavities.
*
Reduce foods containing sugar and flour
This type of food when left on the teeth and the bacteria will cause acids that create cavities.

Overcoming Fear the Dentist

If you feel fear when dealing with your dental dentist, please notify your doctor. He would be happy to help you cope. You can tell him that you will be signaled by hand that you are afraid or feel ill when he was working on your teeth. Many patients find that it makes them calmer.

Besides that most dentists say their patients often take when dealing with dental patients. This is aimed at reassuring the patient.

Remember that healthy teeth to support the health of the body. If you immediately improve your dental cavities, this will avoid problems and costly treatment later.

Controlling Cholesterol Tips

Cholesterol in the body can cause various diseases. High cholesterol is not only experienced by overweight people, but people are skinny does not mean low cholesterol. It can also befall the people who are still young. All walks of life, must try to live a healthy lifestyle in order to keep the cholesterol in the blood remained normal.

Controlling Cholesterol Tips..!!

Here are some tips you can do to control your cholesterol:

*
Diet
Consumption of foods low in fat and cholesterol. For example by consuming milk without the fat and reduce consumption of meat. Choose foods with unsaturated fat than saturated fat content. Oil used to fry repeatedly can increase cholesterol levels, then you should reduce the consumption of fried foods.
*
Consumption of fibrous foods
Consume more fibrous foods such as wheat, beans, vegetables and fruits. This type of food can absorb cholesterol in the blood and expelled from the body.
*
Consumption of antioxidants
Antioxidants are widely available in fruits such as oranges, strawberries, papaya, carrot, or pumpkin. Eating garlic regularly can also reduce cholesterol levels.
*
Avoid alcohol and smoking
With smoke or consume alcohol, would easily accumulate cholesterol in the bloodstream.
*
Sport
Exercise regularly according to age and ability. Keep your body weight is ideal.

Do not Ignore the Coughing

Coughing is a disease that often we meet on the people around us who suffer from our own or cough. Because of frequent and usually not bad, so cough are often ignored or considered harmless. Coughing is not a disease but an indication that something is wrong in our bodies either because the cause is a symptom of mild to severe disease that can be deadly. Although it seems almost the same type of cough, but the cause could be different. Any disease that is shown if there is a cough?

Train the Brain to Sharpen Memory

Do you often forget when looking for an object? Suppose you often forget where your keys laid? Or forget important things to be done? Forgot your password? Your child's bad replay value due to the difficulty memorizing? It is widely experienced by us. Consequently, the more time and energy required to find stuff, get a scolding from someone else, or get a bad result is due to forgetfulness. The brain's memory will decrease with age. The older age of a person usually they will increasingly forgetful. However, this can also happen at a young age. This problem can be reduced by training the brain.


Brain Function

In the process of remembering, the brain plays a big role. The brain can be divided into left brain and right brain. Left brain functions associated with logic, numbers, writing, intelligence, calculation, analysis, and for short-term memory (short term memory). While we diguakan right brain for creativity, imagination, music, colors, shapes, emotions, and for long-term memory (long term memory).

Memories will be more durable if the recall using the right brain. To be able to remember it well, need to train the brain to function optimally. Unfortunately, more people are using left brain in the process of remembering. The left brain is more developed that most people without a balanced development of the right brain. Because the left brain is short-term memory, then the information stored in the left brain will be more easily forgotten.

Therefore, if you want to save in the right brain, the information must be changed into a story or picture. Because the right brain does not recognize text or numbers. Exercise is necessary in order to develop the right brain. There are several techniques that can be done.

Indonesian Education Websites

Internet developments are moving so fast today. Various dimensions have been passed by this media. The Internet has formed a new civilization of the modern world. Various facets of our lives are now increasingly unable to be separated from existence.

Why not, any information we need, almost certainly available on the Internet jungle. Internet is very complex and global nature. Various kinds of information from various sources are shown in full. Information ranging from general matters such as economic problems, political and social culture, to things that are more specific. Given the global nature of the Internet, the information available on the Internet of course also reflected in various languages, depending on the source information provider and the community is the target destination information.

Most major sites on the Internet provide information in a choice of English, besides his native language.
The development of Internet media as an alternative to the intellectual life of the nation turned out to participate and has been applied in the form of site development education. In this chapter will discuss the role of Internet in education.

In this article we will review several sections of the following:

1. List of Children's Education Site
2. List of Higher Education Sites
3. Education Scholarship Site List
4. Site List Computer Education in Indonesia.

1. Children Education

Child's world is the world's most exciting. Almost every parent always provide the best for their children, especially when they were children because childhood is the most decisive period in the process of their psychological growth in the future. By providing proper education to the children will be able to obtain a solid foundation for the future of those children.

Media information on the Internet is one medium that can be used to obtain the right information to determine an appropriate education for children. Indonesia Here are some sites related to children's education.

e-Smar tSchool.com Site Address: http://www.e-smartschool.com/ Children's education site that provides useful information for students, ranging from information on Computer Sciences, General Knowledge, Children Stories / Fables, School, consul-tation, Seputar Education, information for parents, and examples of work . This site also comes with membership, so you or your child can enter the member area to register as a member and login. There is also a question bank for the material elementary, junior and senior high school. Because he looked looked interesting enough, this site has been awarded as the Best Sites Computer version of the Period 2004-2005 On to the category of Education.

Open Eyes Site Address: http://www.bukamata.com Open Eye Media online community that introduces Mathmagic Home School, namely learn Mathmagic in numeracy (Mathematics) at home, quickly and precisely without the calculator. Mathmagic made to be a method of learning mathematics (arithmetic) that makes it easy and fun for all children who are learning basic arithmetic skill. Covers the basics of how simple arithmetic addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rank number two, and many new methods in arithmetic that does not exist in the method of learning mathematics in ordinary schools. This site reveals all things with such Mathmagic. There are also books about Mathmagic methods that can be purchased on this site.
The Fourth R Inc. Site Address: http://www.fourthr.com The Fourth R Inc., Established since 1991, providing courses, assessment software, high-quality certification. Make it as learning centers and schools around the world. Already has 150 branches in over 20 countries. The Fourth R Indonesia focusing to provide computer training for children from age 3 to 14 years, and adults, with the concept of Performance-Based Training. The main information presented is the School Programs, Youth Programs, Corporate Training, IT Training, Partner with Us.

2. Higher Education (Higher Education)

College education is one level above the growing need for communities to prepare prospective graduates to be ready to go into the world of work. Here are some sites which are popular universities in Indonesia: UNIVERSITY BINA NUSANTARA Site Address: http://www.binus.ac.id/ Site Bina Nusantara University, Meru ¬ feed one prominent information technology-based universities in Indonesia, and even Asia. This site is presented quite well, providing various in ¬ formation including Rev Binus, Majors, Student Life, Ad ¬ mission, About Binus.

There are several pages about ¬ pliers BINUS programs, namely hahasiswa pages, ¬ most international students, as well as graduate programs. Meanwhile, for students of Bina Nusantara provided a special page by logging in first. This site also has links that connect with Bina Nusantara, such as Education Services link that contains links to sites Bina Nusantara education program, which connects to the Community link www.binuscenter.com site, as well as links to sites Binus company, and PT . Widya Rahardja Informatika.UNIVERSITAS Diponegoro Site Address: http://www.undip.ac.id/ Various information about the University of Diponegoro Sema ¬ war, among other things, Diponegoro University, location, mission and vision UNDIP, information staff, academic, collaboration, site map, faculty and department, location, resources & services, campus life, student directories, and directory alumni. There is also a webmail facility for students and alumni UNDIP.

TEN TECHNOLOGY INSTIT UT November Surabaya (ITS) Site address: http://www.its.ac.id Official site Institute of Technology ¬ Sura baya (ITS), providing information about campus ITS ¬ pliers, including Stories, Profiles, Opinion, Agenda Activities, Scholarships, Jobs, Alumni, Science Faculty, FTI, FTSP, FTK, FTIf, Elka Polytechnic, Polytechnic Ships, Pg LPPM, BAPSI, Library, Com ¬ puter Center, Student Advisory Center, Language Center, Sports Facility, Email ITS, IKA ITS, Student Senate, BEM ITS, ITS LMB, JMMI, SBIC Higher Education, ICT Questionnaire DIKTI, Academic Information System, Student Information and Academic Calendar.

INSTITUTE TECHNOLOGY BANDUNG Site Address: http://www.itb.ac.id/ Bandung Institute of Technology official website, providing information about ITB, which is about ITB, education, research, facilities, community, news, agenda, and focus. Is also presented from the perspective of students (Undergraduate, Graduate, International Students), information about the academic calendar, info about Legal Software, SMS campus, webmail, and alumni. There are also digital library (DIGILIB ITB), the program-pro ¬ gram of education and faculties in ITB.
UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA Site Address: http://www.ui.ac.id/ Official Website of University of Indonesia (University of Indonesia), Jakarta & Depok, present information in the main menu: About the UI, the UI Faculty, Campus Life, International, Research / Partnership. On the main page you will find infor ¬ masi about news around the campus, agendas and announcements. In addition, the menu also available for registration, academic calendar, library, information technology, UI, TV UI, stock and gallery photos.
PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY Site Address: http://www.petra.ac.id/ Available news headlines and events in Petra. At the main menu is available linki to gain insight from Petra Christian University, administration offices, academic programs, facilities, students, alumni, civitas, research, and navigation information for visitors.
ATMA JAYA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA Site Address: http://www.atmajaya.ac.id/ The official page of the Catholic University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The main menu is History, Vision and Mission, Foundation Rijadi Slamet, Location, and the Library. Fa ¬ kultas information includes the Faculty of Biology, Economics, Law, Social Science and Political Science, Engineering, and Technology In ¬ industries. International Program Information covering Civil Engineering, Program Management Studies, and Pro ¬ gram of Industrial Engineering. Graduate Program, including Master of Laws, Master of Engineering, Master of Management. Information includes student-rental Kemahasis Faculty, Cost Studies, Scholarship, Regis ¬ ly, the Organization Kemahasis-rental, Alumni Info, and Student Activities. Also available information on campus news and agenda for the campus. Various news and events that became the main topics include campus news, general news, and news of the ¬ tus. On the ATMA Portal you will find links to campus information systems, namely synthesis, Sintedos, and Amadeus. Periodically, this site also provides information about the research and publication. To complete the ATMA JAYA student needs for knowledge, this site is equipped with webmail, forums and libraries.
UNIVERSITY CHRISTIAN DISCOURSE DUTA Site Address: http://www.ukdw.ac.id/ Primary information is an article about UKDW, the achievements that have been achieved UKDW, programs of study in UKDW, student activities, academic calendar, e-learning UKDW, maps and news sites UKDW activities.

UN IVERSITAS Trisakti Site Address: http://www.trisakti.ac.id/ Official page of this site Trisakti University comes with two languages, namely English and Indonesian, provide information about the University of Trisakti, academic programs, student enrollment, facilities, research, student affairs, campus maps, directories and publications. Information about the faculties that are owned by the University of Trisakti, such as the Faculty of Law, Economics, Medicine, Dentistry, Civil Engineering & Planning, Technology Industry, Minerals Technology, Landscape Architecture & Environmental Technology, Arts & Design. There is also a Post Graduate and Diploma programs. There is also info about the campus and its activities, Trisakti Movie (best movie collection Trisakti), Trisakti Event (Agenda university activities), Trisakti Poll (poll with interesting topics).

Training & Development - Who Is Responsible?

Training and development (also labelled as "learning and development") is always acknowledged as crucial to the success of any business; both in-house and outsourced; whether training courses, on-line learning or executive coaching. Conversely, it is often the first area to feel the cutbacks when times are hard. As a busy executive, it can be challenging to balance the responsibility for developing your team with reducing budgets and focusing on the bottom line. However, think positive, it may not be your responsibility only.

So how do we define training and development (or T&D for short)? How about: equipping people with new skills, knowledge, attitudes or experience which they are then able to apply to their workplace and careers? That's a nice, broad definition which we can break down into three broad categories:
* what people need to do their job as it is today;
* what people need to do their job was it will be tomorrow; and
* what people need to do the jobs they want in the future.

From this we see that T&D can equip people to do their job, stay abreast of the changing requirements of that job and also help them in their career progression. Therefore, there are clear immediate benefits to the business (the first two categories) and definite future benefits to the individual (their career.) Of course, the individual also benefits from being well-trained in their daily role and the business benefits from developing its own future executives in-house.
At this point, we might want to question this word, "training", which tends to suggest activity geared towards a specific task or role. It also implies a process that is done to the individual rather than being something that they can fully engage with (after all, dogs are 'trained'.) Perhaps the better and more inclusive term would be "learning", which suggests a wider range of options (including mentoring and coaching) and also, perhaps, a wider range of applications.

Returning to the issue of responsibility: if the benefits are shared, shouldn't the responsibility also be shared? Traditionally, a manager might appraise each team member (sometimes in secret), personally decide what they needed by way of improvement and then prescribe the appropriate off-the-shelf training course. This is a Doctor model, where the manager acts as authority, diagnostician and decision-maker. Within limits, it can be efficient and it certainly saves time, but the lack of involvement of the individual can lead to lack of engagement with the training and therefore a lack of benefit.

These days we see more of a Coach model in which the manager and individual discuss the training needs and make decisions together. The coach guides the individual through the process of identifying and meeting their development needs with an emphasis on which solution will suit both them and the business. Those with particular potential, the 'rising stars' may even manage their own development allowance or budget and be free to seek tailored coaching outside the organisation (on the understanding that the results are applied within the organisation.)

Ask yourself how it works in your workplace. Do individuals have development objectives? Are they imposed or agreed? How are development options chosen? Is the criteria solely business efficiency or does it also take into account the individual's learning style? Is there support available to apply the learning to their role? Are they coached through their career development?
So think positive and engage your team in their own learning. The key factors are: involvement; discussion; business needs and personal aspirations; not just "training" but "learning"; and joint decision-making. That can mean joint success for you and your people.